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Type: Article

Section: Fragrance

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Naturally Sourced F&F Ingredients: Regulations and Verifications Through Carbon-14

Authentication of natural substances continue to be an area of major interest for F&F, with programs and regulations using carbon-14 analysis as a method for distinguishing biobased sourced materials from petroleum-derived material.

Carbon Dioxide Extracted Ingredients for Fragrances

Technical and Commercial Developments in Perfumery Materials. Since the turn of the century, we have taken giant steps forward in the synthesis of aroma chemicals. Now, new low temperature technology is being used to improve the extraction of some old, well established, popular natural products, the essential oils. This new low temperature extraction technique employs carbon dioxide.

Volubility Behaviour and Fractionation of Essential Oils in Dense Carbon Dioxide

The extraction with dense gas proves to be a true alternative to the conventional procedures. To obtain essential oils or aroma substances which are used in perfume industries, in the pharmaceutical sector or in the food and human nutrition field, carbon dioxide offers itself as an extractant which is physiologically unobjectionable and leaves the obtained products free of solvents.

Production of Rosemary Oleoresin Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

An outline has been reported of the experiments helpful to appraise current understanding of extract production with supercritical CO2 for use in flavorings and fragrances. Additionally, a recent publication detailed the results of preliminary experiments performed to assess the suitability of employing supercritical CO2 in the production of oleoresins from Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Mandarin (Citrus deliciosa tenore) From South Brazila

The results presented in this work show the importance of experimental studies for the evaluation of the quantitative influence of process parameters on the supercritical extraction of mandarin.

Orange Carbonyls

Chemistry and application

Molecule of the Month: Cyclooctenyl Methyl Carbonate

Chemistry and application in agrumen, aldehydic, alpine bouquet, amaryllis, apple and apple blossom fragrances.

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Sustainability and Fragrance

Carbon footprints, naturals and synthetics, and the future

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Augeo®: Quality improvement to meet customer needs

Safe, low odor, bio-sourced, readily biodegradable, with low VOC and a certified carbon footprint, Augeo® offers high solubilization power and sustainable alternatives to petrochemicals like DPG, ensuring an efficient solution.

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Authentication of Natural Peppermint Oil

This article explores the application of carbon-14 testing as a method to authenticate naturally sourced peppermint oil and screen for adulteration.

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Augeo® Clean Multi: a sustainable alternative to glycol ethers

By following Solvay principles on sustainability, Augeo® is the safe, LVP VOC, low odor, low carbon footprint and high performance bio-based solvent already being globally used in fragrance dilution and air care products.

Book Excerpt: Understanding Fragrance Chemistry

In an excerpt from his new book, Charles Sell delves into the forces driving organic chemical reactions in fragrances. Fragrance ingredients are organic chemicals (i.e., chemicals with structures based on carbon) and so their chemistry is part of organic chemistry. Chemical reactions basically occur when instability or imbalance exists in atoms, molecules or ions.

iso-Valeric acid makes a subtle, but very useful, contribution to hazelnut flavors at 100 ppm.

iso-Valeric Acid in Dairy, Brown, Nut, Savory, Alcoholic Drink & Fruit Flavors

The profile of iso-valeric is very much stereotypical of the primary cheese odor, without any hint of the faint goaty character that starts to creep into the series of aliphatic acids from six carbon atoms upwards.

Effects of Structural Modifications on the Odour of Jasmone Analogues

The odour of 2-alkylcyclopentanones can be radically affected by substituents on the first or second carbon atoms of the side chain, substituents further along the chain having a much lesser effect on the odour character. It is postulated that these effects could be rationalised in terms of obstruction of the carbonyl group by a substituent on the first carbon of the side chain or disruption of the side chain conformation by one on the second position

Differences in Chemical and Sensory Properties of Orange Flower and Rose Oils Obtained from Hydrodistillation and from Supercritical C02 Extraction

In this article we will identify some characteristic and essential constituents of bitter orange flowers (Citrus aurantium L., ssp. armzra Engl.) from Spain, Tunisia and Morocco, and roses (Rosa damascena Mill.) from Bulgaria and Turkey, and we will discuss how the consitutents differ depending on whether the oils were isolated by hydrodistillation or by supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction of the concretes. hydrodistillatio norbysupercriticai fluid carbon dioxide extraction of the concretes.

Synthesis and Odor Characteristics of New Gem-Dimethylcyclohexane Derivatives

Searching for cyclic analogs of the insect juvenile hormones, we synthesized a series of new compounds containing the cyclogeraniolene system. This system can be considered as a cyclic form of acyclic terpenes, such as dihydrocitronellol, dihydrogeraniol, and menthocitronellol. The isoprenoid chain in these compounds is rolled to form the cyclohexane ring by connection of the carbon atoms C-7 and C-10. As compared with the classical cyclic systems of the cyclogeraniol type, the compounds obtained by us contain the gem-dimethyl groups in the 3-position in relation to a chain with the functional group.

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Research article: Biotransformation of Unsaturated Aliphatic Aldehydes Using Baker’s Yeast

Actively fermenting baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) not only converts aliphatic aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols, but also may reduce certain carbon-carbon double bonds in the same molecule. Furthermore, an in situ acyloin condensation reaction occurs; this bioconversion reaction gives rise to relatively good yields of unsaturated 2,3-diols, which have two carbon atoms more than the corresponding aliphatic aldehyde used as substrate. Baker’s yeast has been used as a reagent in organic synthesis since the beginning of the 20th century, when fundamental studies were initiated on the mechanism of formation of fusel alcohols from the corresponding l-amino acids during the formation of ethanol.

Synthesis and odor characteristics of some analogs of acyclic sesquiterpenoids

In summary, it could be stated that the crucial factors affecting the odor of the compounds under investigation are the carbon chain structures and type of functional groups. These observations confirm Beets’ thesis that “the profile of a molecule with an easily accessible functional group is responsible for the odor type.

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