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Type: Article

Section: Fragrance

Perception of Characteristic Axillary Odors

A significantly high level of anosmia for(E)- and (Z)- 3-methyl-2 -hexenoic acids, which are the key components of human axillary malodor, was found to exist among 90 subjects (45 men and 45 women). A distinct steep increase in anosmia with age was observed for the (E)-acid.

Individual Differences in Odor Perception

The context in which an odor is perceived can afso determine whether an odorant gives a positive or negative response. Methyl mercaptan and isovaleric acid are unacceptable when associated with humans (for example, in breath and axillary odors) but are desirable in certain foods (for example, in cheeses). Furthermore, most natural odors are complex stimuli, that is, they are combinations of many chemicals which are interacting with many receptors, Thus, synergistic and antagonistic effects must also be considered.

Resin Acid in Tree Moss Extract

Lichens are symbiotic organisms of fungi and algae. The biological significance of lichens and their metabolites has been reviewed by Huneck, who even stated that “good perfumes require lichen extracts.”

Aleuritic Acid in Perfumery and Pheromones

The brief account given above indicates the vast potential which aleuritic acid holds in the synthesis of numerous useful organic compounds possessing olfactory properties. With a steady and substantial availability of threo aleuritic acid, its utility is expected to increase enormously.

Fragrant Esters of 3-Cyclohexylbutanoic Acid

Thus, the acid is not too easily available, but remarkable fragrant properties of its esters raise the interest in its production. The first four stages of its synthesis have been described previously. Prin’s reaction of α-methylstyrene with formaldehyde yields 4-methyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane.

iso-Valeric acid makes a subtle, but very useful, contribution to hazelnut flavors at 100 ppm.

iso-Valeric Acid in Dairy, Brown, Nut, Savory, Alcoholic Drink & Fruit Flavors

The profile of iso-valeric is very much stereotypical of the primary cheese odor, without any hint of the faint goaty character that starts to creep into the series of aliphatic acids from six carbon atoms upwards.

Perfume Materials: The Addition of Acetic Acid and Allylalcohol to Dicyclopentadiene

Chemistry and sensory evaluation

HESP—A New Essential Oil From the Acid Hydrolysate of Spent Sandal Heartwood

In the present study, the utilization of the spent (exhausted) sandalwood powder from steam distillation as a source of an acid hydrolysate oil is examined. It has been found that hydrolysis of the non-volatile portion of an acetone extract of the spent sandalwood powder with methanolic hydrochloric acid followed by steam distillation gave rise to a new essential oil (1.2% yield) which we have called HESP, the acronym for hydrolyzed exhausted sandalwood powder.

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