|
|
January/February 2007
To order a copy of an article from this issue, click on "Purchase this article." For customized, large-quantity reprints, or articles not available online, contact FosteReprints.
The Essential Oils of Mosiera ehrenbergii (O. Berg) Landrum (Myrtaceae) Originally from Mexico and M. longipes (O. Berg) Small from Florida (pg 1)
By Arthur O. Tucker, Michael J. Maciarello, Andrew Salywon and Leslie R. Landrum
Abstract: Essential oils of fragrant Mosiera ehrenbergii (O. Berg) Landrum (Myrtaceae), collected in Arizona from Mexican seed, and M. longipes (O. Berg) Small, collected in Florida, were examined by GC/MS/FID. Thirty-eight constituents were identified with dominant components of limonene (51.6±0.7%) and α-pinene (33.6±2.4%) in M. ehrenbergii and limonene (47.8±2.5%) in M. longipes. Key Word Index: Mosiera ehrenbergii, Mosiera longipes, Myrtaceae, essential oil composition, limonene, α-pinene.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Tagetes minuta L.
By M. Moghaddam, R. Omidbiagi and F. Sefidkon
Abstract: The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from Tagetes minuta L. cultivated in Iran. The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main components were α-terpineol (20.8%), (Z)-β-ocimene (17.7%), dihydrotagetone (13.7%), (E)-ocimenone (13.3%), (Z)-tagetone (8.4%) and (Z)-ocimenone (6.1%). Key Word Index: Tagetes minuta, Asteraceae, Essential oil composition, α-terpineol, (Z)-β-ocimene, dihydrotagetone, (E)-ocimenone.
Oil Constituents of Artemisia nilagirica var. septentrionalis During Different Growth Phases at Subtropical Conditions of North Indian Plains
By Flora Haider, A.A. Naqvi and G.D.Bagchi
Abstract: Essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp. var. septentrionalis Pamp. harvested during different growth phases were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil yield was highest (0.6%) during the flowering stage. During the vegetative, budding and fruiting stages camphor was the main constituent, while during the flowering stage, it was replaced by β-caryophyllene. Other important constituents of the oil were germacrene D, α-humulene and 1,8-cineole. Key Word Index: Artemisia nilagirica var. septentrionalis, Asteraceae, essential oil composition, camphor, β-caryophyllene.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Six Eucalyptus Species (Myrtaceae) from South West of Iran
By M.H. Assareh, K. Jaimand and M.B. Rezaee
Abstract: The essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves of six Eucalyptus were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main components identified in E. intertexta R.T.Baker oil were 1,8-cineole (64.8%), terpinen-1-ol (7.2%) and α-pinene (5.7%); in E. largiflorens F.Muell. were 1,8-cineole (47%), p-cymene (10.6%) and α-terpineol (8.5%); in E. kingsmillii Maiden et Blakely were 1,8-cineole (77%), α-pinene (8.7%) and camphene (3.8%); in E. dealbata A. Cunn. were 1,8-cineole (70.6%), α-pinene (13%) and terpinen-1-ol (3.7%). The major components of the oil of E. loxophleba Benth. ssp. loxophleba were 1,8-cineole (41.9%), α-pinene (13.7%) and aromadendrene (3.7%), and the major components of E. kruseana F.Muell. were bicyclogermacrene (28.8%), α-pinene (17.7%) and 1,8-cineole (12.1%). Key Word Index: Eucalyptus intertexta, Eucalyptus largiflorens, Eucalyptus kingsmillii, Eucalyptus dealbata, Eucalyptus loxophleba subsp. loxophleba, Eucalyptus kruseana, Myrtaceae, essential oil compostion, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene.
Volatile Constituents of Tanacetum paradoxum Bornm. and Tanacetum tabrisianum (Boiss.) Sosn. et Takht., from Iran
By Zohreh Habibi, Tayebeh Biniyaz, Tahereh Ghodrati, Shiva Masoudi and Abdolhossein Rustaiyan
Abstract: The oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Tanacetum Paradoxum Bornm. and Tanacetum tabrisianum (Boiss.) Sosn. et Takht., which are endemic to Iran, was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil of T. paradoxum was characterized by high amounts of camphor (23.8%), lavandulyl acetate (19.1%), lavandulol (15.9%) and 1,8-cineole (13.2%), which were among the 18 components comprising 94.3% of the total oil detected. Twenty-four compounds representing 83.5% of the oil of T. tabrisianum were identified, among them caryophyllene oxide (12.0%) and spathulenol (10.3%) being the major ones. Key Word Index: Tanacetum paradoxum, Tanacetum tabrisianum, Compositae, essential oil composition, camphor, lavandulyl acetate, lavandulol, 1,8-cineole, caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol.
Essential Oil Constituents of Piper cubeba L. fils. from Indonesia
By Rein Bos, Herman J. Woerdenbag, Oliver Kayser, Wim J. Quax, Komar Ruslan and Elfami
Abstract: The chemical composition of the essential oil of ripe berries (11.8% v/w) and leaves (0.9% v/w) of Piper cubeba L. fils. (Piperaceae) was investigated by GC and GC/MS. Sabinene (9.1%), β-elemene (9.4%), β-caryophyllene (3.1%), epi-cubebol (4.3%), and cubebol (5.6%) were the main components of the berry oil. trans-Sabinene hydrate (8.2%), β-caryophyllene (5.0%), epi-cubebol (4.2%), γ-cadinene (16.6%) and cubebol (4.8%) were the main components of the leaf oil. No large qualitative differences were found in the composition between berry and leaf oil, although the berries contained a considerable amount of constituents in traces (< 0.05%) that were not found in the leaves. The principal difference was of a quantitative nature. Key Word Index: Piper cubeba, Piperaceae, essential oil composition, γ-cadinene.
Changes in Content and Chemical Composition of Tagetes minuta Oil at Various Harvest Times
By M. Moghaddam, R. Omidbiagi and F. Sefidkon
Abstract: The essential oil content and chemical composition of Tagetes minuta L. was determined at different harvesting times of budding, full flowering and fruit set stages. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of all samples, and was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil content of samples which were harvested at budding, full flowering and fruit set stages were 1.55%, 1.44% and 1.0% (w/w) on a dry weight basis, respectively. Nineteen, 20 and 19 compounds have been identified in the oils of budding, full flowering and fruit set stages of T. minuta, respectively. The major compounds were limonene, dihydrotagetone, (Z)-tagetone, (E)-ocimenone and α-terpineol. The results showed that harvest times had a major effect on the constituents of the oil of T. minuta. Key Word Index: Tagetes minuta, Asteraceae, harvest time, essential oil composition, dihydrotagetone, (Z)-β-ocimene, (Z)-tagetone, α-terpineol.
Chemical Constituents of Gynura cusimbua Aerial Parts
By Virendra S. Rana and M. Amparo Blazquez
Abstract: The essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of Gynura cusimbua was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-seven constituents totaling 91.92% of the oil were identified. The major constituents of the oil are myrcene (31.0%), β-phellandrene (12.43%), eugenol (6.34%), α-humulene (6.20%), dodecyl acrylate (6.09%), α-copaene (5.61%), phytol (3.21%), germacrene D (3.0%), cryptone (2.04%), 2,4-ditertbutylphenol (1.62%), α-pinene (1.33%), α-cadinene (1.26%), caryophyllene oxide (1.24%) and β-caryophyllene (1.08%). Key Word Index: Gynura cusimbua, Asteraceae, volatile oil, myrcene, β-phellandrene.
Composition of Rhizome and Leaf Oils of Amomum pterocarpum Thwaites
By Baby Sabulal, Varughese George and Mathew Dan
Abstract: Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the rhizomes and leaves of Amomum pterocarpum (Zingiberaceae) were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Thirty-six constituents each were identified from the rhizome (95.7%) and leaf oils (92.6%). β-Pinene was the major constituent in both the rhizome oil (65.5%) and the leaf oil (41.7%). Phytol (26.5%) was the other major constituent in the leaf oil. Key Word Index: Amomum pterocarpum, Zingiberaceae, essential oil composition, β-pinene, phytol.
Leaf Oil of Backhousia enata (Myrtaceae)
By Joseph J. Brophy, Robert J. Goldsack, Lyn A. Craven and Andrew J. Ford
Abstract: The leaf oil of the newly described species, Backhousia enata A.J. Ford, Craven et J. Holmes was analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. It has been found to contain α-pinene (14–17%) and β-pinene (36–42%) as principal components. The oil yield was 0.3–0.7% w/w based on dry leaf. Key Word Index: Backhousia enata, Backhousia oligantha, Backhousia anisata, Backhousia sp., Anetholea anisata, Syzygium anisatum, Myrtaceae, essential oil composition, α-pinene, β-pinene.
Composition of the Essential Oil of Verbascum undulatum from Greece
By Eleni Melliou, Prokopios Magiatis, Eleftherios Kalpoutzakis and Eugenia Tsitsa
Abstract: The essential oil of the aerial parts of Verbascum undulatum Lam. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-six compounds were identified and the major components were 1-octen-3-ol (22.5%), α-bisabolol (10.6%) and nonanal (9.0%). Key Word Index: Verbascum undulatum, Scrophulariaceae, essential oil composition, 1-octen-3-ol, α-bisabolol.
The Leaf Essential Oils of the New Conifer Genus, Xanthocyparis: Xanthocyparis vietnamensis and X. nootkatensis
By Robert P. Adams, Philip Thomas and Keith Rushforth
Abstract: A new conifer genus was recently discovered in northern Vietnam and named Xanthocyparis with two species: X. vietnamensis in Vietnam and X. nootkatensis (= Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) in western North America. This is the first analysis of the leaf essential oil of X. vietnamensis. The oil of X. vietnamensis is dominated by sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. The major components are hedycaryol (1.4–34.4%), phyllocladene (0.9–37.8%), sandaracopimara-8(14),15-diene (0.7–8.9%), germacrene D (3.7–7.9%), and α-pinene (0.8–14.9%). The oil of Xanthocyparis nootkatensis (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) is dominated by monoterpenes. The major constituents of X. nootkatensis are limonene (35.4–42.4%), δ-3-carene (11.5–23.4%), α-pinene (8.7–16.3%) and nezukol (3.3–4.8%). The oils differ in many components but share many of the unusual diterpenes. This seems to indicate a rather distant relationship and a long period of divergence. The oil samples of X. vietnamensis were extremely variable (e.g. hedycaryol 1.4–34.4%; phyllocladene 0.9–37.8%) suggesting chemical races or botanical varieties may be present. Key Word Index: Xanthocyparis vietnamensis, Xanthocyparis nootkatensis, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, essential oil composition, hedycaryol, phyllocladene, α-pinene, δ-3-carene, limonene.
Essential Oil Composition of an Endemic Species of Turkey: Marrubium bourgaei Boiss. ssp. bourgaei (Labiatae)
By Mine Kürkçüoglu, K.Hüsnü Can Başer, Alev Tosun, Ebru Dogan and Hayri Duman
Abstract: Water-distilled essential oil from the aerial parts of Marrubium bourgaei Boiss. ssp. bourgaei (Labiatae, Lamiaceae) from Turkey was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Seventy-eight components were characterized in total, representing 90.7% of the oil. Hexadecanoic acid (33.3%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6.4%) were main constituents. Key Word Index: Marrubium bourgaei ssp. bourgaei, Labiatae, essential oil composition, hexadecanoic acid, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone.
Volatile Components of the Phaeophyceae Hormophysa cuneiformis Growing Along Qatar Coasts
By Mohamed El Hattab, Hala Sultan Saif Al Easa, Annie Tabaries, Louis Piovetti and Jean-Michel Kornprobst
Abstract: We report the results of a study of volatile compounds from the brown alga Hormophysa cuneiformis collected off the northwest coast of Qatar in May 2002. For this work two extraction methods were used: conventional hydrodistillation of the crude diethyl ether extract of the alga and supercritical CO2 extraction of the same crude extract with two different stationary phases for the trapping. The volatiles obtained from both methods were compared after analysis by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents were squalene, described for the first time in a large amount from a macroalga, fatty acids and corresponding esters. Key Word Index: Hormophysa cuneiformis, Cystoseiraceae, brown alga, extract composition, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, ethyl arachidonate, squalene, volatile isolation methods.
Essential Oil Composition of Pinus halepensis Mill. from Three Different Regions of Algeria
By Tahar Dob, Tayeb Berramdane and Chaabane Chelghoum
Abstract: Needles of Pinus halepensis Mill. were collected from three different locations at Sidi Feradj (SF), Djelfa (Dj) and Saïda (Sd) in Algeria. Their oils isolated by hydrodistillation yielding 0.5% from SF, 0.8% from Dj and 0.9% from Sd, have been investigated for their components by means of GC and GC/MS techniques. More then 41 compounds were identified in the needle oils of Sidi Feradj (SF) and Saïda (Sd) and 39 compounds in Djelfa (Dj). The main
constituents of three samples of P. halepensis leaf oil were β-caryophyllene (19.8–25.8%), followed by α-humulene (6.2%) in SF and 10.5% in Sd and aromadendrene (8.5%) in Dj, while the third constituents were aromadendrene (4.2%) in SF and α-pinene (5.2%) in Dj and 6.4% in Sd. Key Word Index: Pinus halepensis, Pinaceae, Aleppo pine, essential oil composition, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene.
Analysis of the Essential Oil of Teucrium polium ssp. aurasiacum from Algeria
By A. Kabouche, Z. Kabouche, A. Ghannadi and S.E. Sajjadi
Abstract: The volatile compounds obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts of Teucrium polium ssp. aurasiacum (Lamiaceae) were analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty-one compounds were characterized representing 91.5% of the essential oil with α-cadinol (46.8%), 3β-hydroxy-α-muurolene (22.5%), α-pinene (9.5%) and β-pinene (8.3%) as the main components. It is the first time that 3β-hydroxy-α-muurolene has been characterized in T. polium oil. Key Word Index: Teucrium polium ssp. aurasiacum, Lamiaceae, essential oil composition, α-cadinol, 3β-hydroxy-α-muurolene.
Essential Oil Analysis of Fuernrohria setifolia C. Koch from Iran
By Ali Sonboli, Peyman Salehi and Masoud Mohammadi Vala
Abstract: The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial flowering parts of Fuernrohria setifolia C. Koch was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-eight compounds were identified corresponding to 97.6% of the total oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (69.1%) constituted the principal fraction of the oil with limonene (68.5%) as the major component. Other main compounds were carvone (10.2%) and germacrene D (10.9%). Key Word Index: Fuernrohria setifolia, Umbelliferae, essential oil composition, limonene, carvone, germacrene D.
Composition of the Essential Oils of Haplophyllum furfuraceum Bge. ex Boiss. and Haplophyllum virgatum Spach. from Iran
By Tayebeh Biniyaz, Zohreh Habibi, Shiva Masoudi and Abdolhossien Rustaiyan
Abstract: The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Haplophyllum furfuraceum Bge.ex Boiss and H. virgatum Spach., two Rutaceae species endemic to Iran, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-three compounds representing 98.1% of the oil of H. furfuraceum were identified, among which elemol (11.7%) and β-eudesmol (10.1%) were the major components. The oil of H. virgatum was characterized by its richness in 2-nonanone (28.4%) and 2-undecanone (21.5%), which were among the 25 components comprising 90.5% of the total oil detected. Key Word Index: Haplophyllum furfuraceum, Haplophyllum virgatum, Rutaceae, essential oil composition, elemol, β-eudesmol, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone.
Composition of the Essential Oil of Helianthemum kahiricum Del. from Iran
By K. Javidnia, A. Nasiri, R. Miri and A. Jamalian
Abstract: The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from aerial parts of Helianthemum kahiricum Del. was investigated by GC and GC/MS. The main components were hexadecanoic acid (36.2%), tetradecanoic acid (7.3%), linoleic acid (6.5%) and dodecanoic acid (4.7%). Key Word Index: Helianthemum kahiricum, Cistaceae, essential oil composition, hexadecanoic acid.
Essential Oil Composition of Pimpinella tragioides (Boiss.) Benth. et Hook. from Iran
By Fatemeh Askari and Fatemeh Sefidkon
Abstract: Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the stems/leaves, inflorescences and seeds of Pimpinella tragioides (Boiss.) Benth. et Hook. The oil yields of stems/leaves, inflorescence and seed oils were 0.15%, 0.79% and 2.49% w/w, respectively. Thirteen constituents in the stem plus the leaf oil, 13 constituents in the inflorescence oil and 15 constituents in the seed oil were identified. The major constituent in the stem/leaf oil and inflorescence oil was trans-α-bergamotene (77.1% and 70.3%, respectively), whereas the major constituent of the seed oil was pregeijerene (87.0%). Nonadecane (8.6%) and isoacarone (15.1%) were the other major constituents in the stem/leaf and inflorescence oils, respectively. Only two trace compounds of P. tragioides (β-caryophyllene and bicyclogermacrene) were common between the stem/leaf, inflorescence and seed oils. Key Word Index: Pimpinella tragioides, Umbelliferae, essential oil composition, trans-α-bergamotene, pregeijerene, isoacarone.
Chemistry of the Australian Gymnosperms. Part IX. The Leaf Oils of the Australian Members of the Genus Callitris (Cupressaceae)
By Joseph J. Brophy, Robert J. Goldsack, Paul I. Forster, Lachlan M. Copeland, Wayne O’Sullivan, Andrew C. Rozefelds
Abstract: The leaf oils of the 18 species and four subspecies of the genus Callitris endemic to Australia have been investigated by a combination of GC and GC/MS. All taxa produced oils in poor to moderate yields. Callitris baileyi produced a leaf oil in which α-pinene and limonene together, contributed the majority of the oil, while in Callitris canescens methyl citronellate also made significant contributions to the oil. In C. columellaris, limonene was the principal component, contributing up to 78% of the oil. Callitris drummondii gave a leaf oil which showed two chemical varieties. The samples from Western Australia contained large amounts of α-pinene (67–69%), while the sample from South Australia contained limonene (10.9%), bornyl acetate (24.2%) and geranyl acetate (14.9%) as significant components. In C. endlicheri the main components were limonene, α-pinene and bornyl acetate. Limonene and α-pinene were the principal components of the leaf oil of C. glaucophylla. Callitris gracilis ssp. gracilis gave an oil in which the principal components were α-pinene, myrcene and limonene, while in ssp. murrayensis α-pinene was the principal component. α-Pinene and limonene were the principal components of C. intratropica and C. macleayana. Callitris muelleri was found in two chemical forms, one monoterpenoid and one sesquiterpenoid, with either α-pinene or spathulenol being the principal component. In C. oblonga, which consists of three subspecies, α-pinene was the main component. In C. preissii the major components were α-pinene, myrcene, limonene and bornyl acetate. Callitris rhomboidea was distinguished from the vast majority of other Callitris species by containing significant amounts of neryl acetate, geranyl acetate and citronellyl acetate. Callitris roei contained significant amounts of sesquiterpenes in its leaf oil, with (E)-nerolidol being the principal component. In C. tuberculata α-pinene and limonene were the major components. α-Pinene, limonene and camphor were the major components in the leaf oil of C. verrucosa, while in Callitris sp. (Emerald Falls P.I. Forster +PIF26357) α-pinene and limonene were the principal components with significant amounts of α-fenchyl acetate. The leaf oil of the putative introgressed populations of C. columellaris – C. verrucosa had α-pinene (25–46%), myrcene (9–19%), limonene (14–24%), α-fenchyl acetate (8–13%) and bornyl acetate (4–13%) as the most significant components. The oil does provide similarities to the oils of both putative parent species in that it contains camphor (1–3%), which is characteristic of C. verrucosa and bornyl acetate (2–13%) characteristic of C. glaucophylla. Key Word Index: Callitris baileyi, C. canescens, C. columellaris, C. drummondii, C. endlicheri, C. glaucophylla, C. gracilis ssp. gracilis, C. gracilis ssp. murrayana, C. intratropica, C. macleayana, C. monticola, C. muelleri, C. oblonga, C. oblonga ssp. corangensis, C. oblonga ssp. parva, C. preissii, C. rhomboidea, C. roei, C. sp. (Emerald Falls P.I. Forster + PIF26357), C. tuberculata, C. verrucosa, Cupressaceae, essential oil composition, α-pinene, limonene, bornyl acetate, myrcene, methyl citronellate, geranyl acetate, α-fenchyl acetate, germacrene D, spathulenol, (E,E)-farnesol, neryl acetate, camphor, citronellyl acetate, (E)-nerolidol.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Buds and Leaves of Capers (Capparis ovata Desf. var. canescens) Cultivated in Turkey
By Ahmed El-Ghorab, Takayuki Shibamoto and Mostafa Ozcan
Abstract: Essential oils of caper (Capparis ovata Desf. var. canescens) buds and leaves obtained by steam distillation followed by solvent extraction were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eighty-six compounds were identified from the caper bud extract and 100 from the caper leaf oil. The major volatile compounds found in caper bud oil were benzyl alcohol (20.4%), furfural (7.4%), ethanal methyl pentyl acetal (5.9%), 4-vinyl guaiacol (5.3%), thymol (5.1%), octanoic acid (4.8%) and methyl isothiocyanate (4.5%). The major volatile compounds found in caper leaves were methyl isothiocyanate (20.0%), thymol (15.5%), 4-vinyl guaiacol (4.3%), hexyl acetate (3.6%) and trans-theaspirane (2.6%). These oils inhibited hexanal oxidation by 80% over 40 days at the level of 200 μg/mL. Also, they inhibited oxidation of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate by over 70% at the 500 μg/mL level. The dichloromethane and methanol extracts from caper buds and leaves exhibited higher antioxidant activities than those of their essential oils in both testing systems. Key Word Index: Capparis ovata Desf. var. canescens, Cappasidaceae, capers, essential oil composition, methyl isothiocyanate, benzyl alcohol, thymol, antioxidant activity.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of the Volatiles from the Peel of Japanese Citrus Fruits
By Bhupesh. C. Roy, Munehiro Hoshino, Hiro Ueno, Mitsuru Sasaki and Motonobu Goto*
Abstract: Citrus volatiles were extracted from the peel of yuzu and kabosu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka and Citrus sphaerocarpa Hort. ex Tanaka) which are typical citrus fruits in Japan, with supercritical carbon dioxide in a semicontinuous flow extractor. The peel of citrus fruits containing oil, water, and solid cellulose materials was used as a feed material in this work. Extraction was carried out at 313–333 K and 10–30 MPa with supercritical CO2 in order to optimize the extraction conditions and to compare the compositions of extracted oils from these fruits. The volatiles were also extracted using hexane (as the solvent) at atmospheric conditions to compare the efficiency of supercritical CO2 extraction. Among the studied conditions, the highest extraction efficiency was observed for both yuzu and kabosu peel at a pressure of 10 MPa and temperature of 333 K that was about 91% and 85%, respectively. The compositions of extracts differed qualitatively and quantitatively from each other in such a way that the monoterpene (C10H16) content obtained was 89.9% in yuzu and 92.5% in kabosu; limonene was the major compound from both fruits. Oxygenated compounds in these oils represented 7.7%, and 4.6% in yuzu and kabosu peel, respectively. Key Word Index: Citrus junos, Citrus sphaerocarpa, Rutaceae, supercritical CO2 extraction, limonene, myrcene, extraction efficiency.
Essential Oil Constituents of Intact Plants and In Vitro Cultures of Tagetes patula L.
By Szabolcs Szarka, Éva B. Héthelyi, Éva Lemberkovics, István Bálványos, Éva Szőke, Edit Farkas and Inna N. Kuzovkina
Abstract: The occurrence of volatile compounds in flowers and roots of intact plants and in vitro hairy root cultures of Tagetes patula L. was investigated by GC and GC/MS. The flowers oil was dominated by mono- and sesquiterpenes. The main component was the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon β-caryophyllene (50.2%). However, the oils of normal roots and hairy root cultures were found to contain sulfur-containing thiophene structures. The following four compounds were identified: 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2’-bithiophene (BBT), 5-(3-penten-1-ynyl)-2,2’-bithiophene (PBT), 2,2’:5’,2”-terthiophene (α-terthiophene) and 5-(4-acetoxy-1-butynyl)-2,2’-bithiophene (BBTOAc). The main components were BBT (47.0%) and α-terthiophene (19.8%) in the normal root oil and BBT (25.0%), α-terthiophene (14.3%) and BBTOAc (13.7%) in hairy root oil, respectively. Key Word Index: Tagetes patula, Asteraceae, essential oil composition, β-caryophyllene, palmitic acid, α-terthiophene, in vitro culture.
Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Seven Ocimum basilicum L. Accessions, Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay and Inhibitory Activities Against GAPDH and APRT
By Péricles B. Alves, Pedro S. Freire Filho, Valéria R.S. Moraes, Arie F. Blank, José L.S. de Carvalho Filho, Maria de F. Arrigoni-Blank, Glaucius Oliva and Otávio H. Thiemann
Abstract: The leaf essential oils of seven Ocimum basilicum L. accessions were analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. They were tested for cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality test and for their ability to inhibit the enzymatic activity of the glycossomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Trypanosoma cruzi and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) from Leishmania tarentolae. The oils showed significant activity (LC50 < 90 μg/mL) in the Brine shrimp lethality test. However, all samples did not show relevant inhibitory activity against GAPDH and APRT. Key Word Index: Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae, Brine shrimp lethality test, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania tarentolae, essential oil composition, linalool, methyl chavicol, methyl eugenol, geraniol, α-muurolol.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oils from the Rhizomes of Four Hedychium Species from South India
By Baby Sabulal, Varughese George, Mathew Dan and Nediyaparambu Sukumaran Pradeep
Abstract: The chemical composition of the essential oils from the rhizomes of four South Indian Hedychium species, viz. H. venustum Wight, H. spicatum Ham. ex Smith var. acuminatum (Roscoe) Wall., H. coronarium Koenig and H. flavescens Carey ex Roscoe was investigated by GC and GC/MS. 1,8-Cineole was the most abundant constituent in the first three oils, present at concentrations of 45.4%, 44.3% and 48.7%, respectively. β-Pinene (43.6%) was the major constituent in the oil from H. flavescens. The percentages of sesquiterpenes were the highest in the rhizome oil of H. venustum (24.0%) followed by H. spicatum var. acuminatum (22.2%), H. flavescens (0.6%) and H. coronarium (0.5%). The antimicrobial activities of all four rhizome oils were tested by the disc diffusion method against three Gram-positive and seven Gram-negative bacteria and two fungi. The strongest activities were observed for the rhizome oil from H. flavescens, especially against Salmonella typhi (23 mm inhibition zone), Escherichia coli (18 mm), Proteus vulgaris (15 mm) and the fungi Candida albicans (13 mm) and C. glabrata (14 mm). Key Word Index: Hedychium venustum, Hedychium spicatum var. acuminatum, Hedychium coronarium, Hedychium flavescens, Zingiberaceae, essential oil composition, 1,8-cineole, β-pinene, antimicrobial activity.
Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of the Leaf Oil of Cinnamomum chemungianum Mohan et Henry
By Koranappally B. Rameshkumar, Varughese George and Sugathan Shiburaj
Abstract: The leaf oil of Cinnamomum chemungianum obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS and found to contain 41 constituents, of which 31 constituents comprising 85.7% were identified. The major constituents were the sesquiterpenoids β-selinene (21.0%), intermedeol (13.5%), longiborneol (7.1%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.4%). Antibacterial screening of the oil showed moderate activity against certain strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Key Word Index: Cinnamomum chemungianum, Lauraceae, essential oil composition, β-selinene, intermedeol, antibacterial activity.
|
|
|
|
